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Computer Evidence Glossary
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UDP:
A protocol allowing
computers to send short messages to one
another.
See
Port.
Ultrafiche:
Microfiche that can hold
1,000 documents/sheet as opposed to the
normal 270.
UMS:
Universal messaging
system.
Unicode:
A 16bit ISO 10646
character set accommodating many more
characters than ASCII for uniform
representation of character sets from
all languages, thus allowing for easier
internationalization. Unicode supports
characters 2 bytes wide rather than 1
byte currently supported by most
systems. Sometimes referred to as
“double byte language.” See
www.unicode.org for more information.
See
Double Byte.
Unallocated Space:
The area of computer
media, such as a hard drive, that does
not contain normally accessible data.
Unallocated space is usually the result
of a file being deleted. When a file is
deleted, it is not actually erased, but
is simply no longer accessible through
normal means. The space that it occupied
becomes unallocated space, i.e., space
on the drive that can be reused to store
new information. Until portions of the
unallocated space are used for new data
storage, in most instances, the old data
remains and can be retrieved using
forensic techniques.
Underinclusive:
When referring to data
sets returned by some method of query,
search, filter or cull, results that are
returned incomplete or too narrowly.
See
False Negative.
Unitization – Physical
and Logical:
The assembly of
individually scanned pages into
documents. Physical Unitization utilizes
actual objects such as staples, paper
clips and folders to determine pages
that belong together as documents for
archival and retrieval purposes. Logical
unitization is the process of human
review of each individual page in an
image collection using logical cues to
determine pages that belong together as
documents. Such cues can be consecutive
page numbering, report titles, similar
headers and footers and other logical
indicators. This process should also
capture document relationships, such as
parent and child attachments.
See also
Attachment, Load File and
Message Unit.
UNIX:
A software operating
system designed to be used by many
people at the same time (multiuser)
capable of performing multiple tasks or
operations at the same time
(multitasking); common operating system
for Internet servers.
Unstructured Data:
Refers to masses of data
which either do not have a data
structure or have a data structure not
easily readable by machine. Examples of
unstructured data may include audio,
video and unstructured text such as the
body of an email or word processing
document. Data with some form of
structure may also be referred to as
unstructured if the structure is not
helpful for the processing task at hand.
For example, an HTML webpage is highly
structured, but is often oriented
towards formatting, rather than
performing complex tasks with the
content of the page.
Upgrade:
New or better version of
some hardware, software or application
Upload:
To send a file from one
computer to another via modem, network,
or serial cable. With a modembased
communications link, the process
generally involves the requesting
computer instructing the remote computer
to prepare to receive the file on its
disc and wait for the transmission to
begin.
URI (Uniform Resource Indicators):
See
URL.
URL (Uniform Resource Locators):
The addressing system
used in the World Wide Web and other
Internet resources. The URL contains
information about the method of access,
the server to be accessed and the path
of any file to be accessed. Althought
there are many different formats, a URL
might look like this: http://thesedonaconference.org/publications_html.
See
Address.
UserAdded Metadata:
Data, possibly work
product, created by a user while
copying, reviewing or working with a
file, including annotations and
subjective coding information.
UTC:
See Coordinated Universal
Time.
Glossary - Courtesy of
The Sedona Conference®
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